Varicose veins

Varicose veins are just one of the disorders of the venous circulation. The other name for varicose veins is dilated or tortuous veins of the lower extremities. Varicose veins have two categories it can either be primary or secondary. Primary varicose veins originate from the superficial saphenous veins while secondary varicose veins are a result of an impaired outflow in the deep venous channels. Approximately 90% of venous blood from the lower extremities is transported through the deep channels. The most common cause of varicose veins are deep vein thrombosis, congenital or acquired arterial venous fistulas and pressure on the abdominal veins caused by pregnancy or a tumor.

The mechanism of development of varicose veins is cause by prolonged standing and increase intra abdominal pressure is important contributory factors. One of the important factors in the elevation of venous pressure is the hydrostatic effect associated with the standing position. Another consideration in the development of varicose veins is the fact that the superficial veins have only subcutaneous fat and superficial fascia for support, but the deep venous channels are supported by muscle, bone and connective tissue. Obesity reduces the support provided by the superficial fascia and tissues, increasing the risk for development of varicose veins.

The manifestations or signs and symptoms of varicose veins are associated with primary varicose veins. Most women with superficial varicose veins complain of their unsightly appearance. In many cases, edema and aching in the lower extremities, especially after long periods of standing may occur. Edema can subside at night when they are elevated.

There are several treatments and diagnosis done to alleviate varicose veins. Trendelenburg's test, a tourniquet is applied on the affected legs while it is elevated and the veins are empty. The client will assume a standing position then tourniquet will be removed for several minutes. If the superficial veins are involved the veins are distended. To check for the deep channels, the tourniquet is applied while the client is standing and then lies down, when the legs are elevated then the client is positive for varicose veins. The Doppler ultrasonic flow probe used to assess the flow of the large vessels. Angiographic studies using a radiopaque contrast medium also used to assess the venous flow and function.

The treatment for varicose veins focuses more on improving good circulation and preventing tissue injury. Elastic support stockings or leggings compress the superficial veins to prevent vein distention. This is not merely available in any shopping center because it is usually prescribed by doctors because it needs to be measured so that it will fit properly. These stockings are applied before doing any activity especially if your work is more on standing.

The last resort for varicose veins is the sclerotherapy; this is an invasive procedure with the use of an injection to inject a sclerosing agent into the affected vein to produce fibrosis of the vessel of the lumen.